Uso de tabaco por mães no período da gestação e amamentação: relação do consumo de tabaco pelos filhos quando adultos e análise química do leite materno

Abstract

Tobacco is considered to be one of the leading causes of preventable deaths worldwide, and when associated with pregnancy and lactation, it causes serious harm not only to the mother's health, but also to fetal development and child health. In this dissertation two articles are presented: the first one is related to the influence that the parents' smoking exerts on their children, where studies have shown that the percentage is higher of children who smoke when it has the direct influence of the parents, mainly of the smoking mothers, mainly When the act of smoking is done in the house, thus showing that there is a direct connection between the parents' smoking habit with their children; And secondly, the influence of tobacco on the quality of human milk of passive users, especially when compared to the milk of non-users of any type of licit or illicit substance that were in the same lactation period. This last study mobilized a group of mothers interested in knowing the chemical composition of their milk. We know that external factors such as maternal feeding and seasonal period interfere in the concentration of breast milk components, however, we observe a possible relationship that tobacco has with the changes in the components of breast milk, since the human milk of all mothers smokers and smokers The pH, cream content, caloric value, lactose and sodium were higher when compared to the human milk of nonsmoking mothers. The concentration of proteins in the human milk of smoking mothers was significantly lower than that observed in nonsmoking mothers. In addition, the presence of nicotine and cotinine in samples of smoking mothers was verified through gas chromatography by mass spectrometry, proving that the toxic agents of cigarettes may be present in human milk, which may be a determining factor for tobacco dependence, due to contact with nicotine, encouraging the child to become a regular smoker in adulthood.