Correlação entre a prevalência de sinais e sintomas de disbiose intestinal e estratégias nutricionais em atletas de bodybuilding

Abstract

Bodybuilding is a sport based on the development of the body's muscles, with the aim of improving the aesthetic characteristics with the purpose of presenting a robust musculature and a low percentage of fat, achieved through specific diets and intense physical training. With the expansion of the sport, there are studies about the preparation and health of athletes, mainly considering intestinal health, which can interfere with performance. Objective: to investigate the occurrence of signs and symptoms related to intestinal dysbiosis presented by athletes (professionals or amateurs) on restrictive diets, and to correlate these signs and symptoms with the nutritional strategies practiced by these individuals. Method: the investigation was conducted by a metabolic tracking questionnaire (qrm) and a food frequency questionnaire (ffq) applied to 44 bodybuilding athletes participating in the main sports federations in Paraná, in the city of curitiba, pr. Statistical analysis: the data were analyzed using the excel program for descriptive data statistics and linear regression using the spss version 22 program for mac. Results: among the sample, 33% of the participants showed signs suggestive of dysbiosis, these symptoms were constipation (75%), distended abdomen (75%), eructations and flatulence (50%) and heartburn (25%). The frequency of consumption of zero gluten foods was moderate and negatively correlated with the frequency of symptoms such as heartburn (r = - 0.47; p = 0.01) and stomach and intestinal pain (r = -0.40; p = 0 , 03). The frequency of consumption of foods with gluten was moderate and positively correlated with the frequency of symptoms such as diarrhea (r = - 0.44; p = 0.01). The frequency of consumption of whole foods showed a weak negative correlation with the frequency of symptoms of constipation (r = -0.39; p = 0.03) and a moderate negative correlation with the occurrence of nausea/vomiting (r = -0 , 61; p = 0.001). The frequency of food consumption in group 1 showed a moderate negative correlation with the frequency of symptoms of bloating (r = -0.49; p = 0.008). The frequency of food consumption in group 2 showed a weak negative correlation with the frequency of nausea / vomiting symptoms (r = - 0.39; p = 0.03). The correlations between the symptoms of dysbiosis and the intake of legumes, fruits in group 1, fruits in group 2 and milk were not statistically significant Conclusion: The results suggest that the occurrence of symptoms such as constipation, distended abdomen, belching, gas and heartburn in bodybuilding athletes it is associated with eating habits with FOODMAPs, including foods rich in gluten, lactose, fructose in oligosaccharides. Further studies are needed considering the intestinal microbiota to investigate the mechanisms of such outcomes