Nutrigênomica e diabetes MELLITUS tipo 2 (DM2): fatores dietéticos e expressão gênica uma revisão

Abstract

Nutrigenomics is the study of the gene-nutrient interaction and it indicates that some nutrients, called bioactive compounds, can mold the genetic expression or change the nucleotide chain. The functional foods regular consumption can prevent or delay the arising of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and its complications. This article objected to review studies about the interaction of feeding and human genes related to type 2 diabetes mellitus. Resveratrol, found in grape skin, seeds and red wine, performs an antioxidant, anti-inflamatory role and increases mitochondrial function. The regular consumption of quercetin resulted in a hypertension improvement and supressed vasoconstriction induced by diabetes. Genistein also showed positive results in T2DM, as the cell mass increase, glucose tolerance and insulin levels improvement. Catechins showed efficiency on genes participating in triacylglycerol biosynthesis, fatty acids and cholesterol inhibition resulting in mitigation of diabetes complications. Lastly, curcumin demonstrated to be the protector from the pancreatic islets against oxidative stress induced by STZ. Growing evidence suggest that the bioactive compounds have an important role in T2DM and its complications prevention and treatment.