Nível de atividade física e percepção do estilo de vida de pacientes pré-cirurgia bariátrica

Abstract

Morbid obesity is a serious and potentially fatal condition due to its association with other diseases. If conventional methods of treatment are insufficient, bariatric surgery has been indicated. In this case, in order to the patient has been considered for this procedure by the Unified Health System (SUS), it is necessary to demonstrate conditions for adopting a lifestyle classified as adequate, after surgical intervention. However, there is an evidence that after 24 months these patients have presented excessive weight. There is a scientific consensus that inadequate lifestyle is the cause of this excessive weight process. This study aimed to identify the sociodemographic characteristics, the perception of lifestyle and the obese patients level of physical activity pre-bariatric surgery. This is a cross-sectional quantitative research. The sample consisted of 96 morbidly obese patients with pre-bariatric surgery, 84 females and 12 males, from Paranavaí city, Paraná. The data were collected through questionnaires. First, the questionnaire was used to know the sociodemographic characteristics of the sample, followed by the Physical Lifestyle Questionnaire proposed by the Canadian Society for Exercise Physiology And the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ), a short form. The average age of the patients was 40.3 ± 11.45 years old. The majority were married (45.8%), lived together another person (88.5%), were occupationally active (67.7%), received between 2 and 3 basic salary (52.1%) and they had incomplete high school (38.5%). The inadequate level of physical activity by IPAQ was verified in 47.8% of the patients and the physical activity of the lifestyle questionnaire was scored as inadequate by the most of interviewed (79.2%). It was found significant differences between the practice of weekly physical activity and non-practicing adolescents (p = 0.046). Ir was also noticed significant differences in relation to the frequency of physical activity in patients with or without chronic diseases (p = 0.007), who were active or inactive occupationally (p = 0.018) and lived alone or not (p = 0.026). Lifestyle was considered adequate in only 30.2% of the patients. The highest percentages of inadequacy were found in the domains nutrition (100%) and physical activity (79.2%). There was a significant association between adequate lifestyle classification and physical activity level (p = 0.010), as well as physical activity (p = 0.012). It is concluded that the majority of obese patients prebariatric surgery presents an inadequate perception of lifestyle, although they have been considered fit for bariatric surgery. The results also indicate that the practice of physical activity and nutrition are the domains that have the highest impact on the lifestyle of these patients and that the performance of physical activities in adolescence can contribute to the adoption of a more active behavior in adulthood, that may represent a fundamental tool for health promotion, to be considered with patients after bariatric surgery.