Utilização do isolamento absoluto e suas técnicas adaptadas para a odontopediatria

Abstract

Isolation of the operative field is indicated in different clinical situations, since it is wet and favors the longevity of adhesive restorations. This isolation can be carried out absolutely, with rubber dam and staples characteristics for each region, or relatively with cotton rollers, gauze pads, suckers and mouth openers, each having its specific specifications. When performed absolutely, cross-contamination improves, improves visualization of the operative field and prevents swallowing or aspiration of objects and residues. The aim of the present study was to carry out a literature review on the importance and indications of isolation of the operative field, its use in pediatric dentistry and possible adaptations of techniques. It was possible to observe that, despite several favorable indications, absolute isolation ended up being used less frequently in child care, due to some difficulties and limitations of the professional and the need for the child's collaboration. However, there are differences in the literature, different adaptations of conventional techniques, the most indicated being the use of cyanoacrylate, the Tofflemire matrix and metallic matrix port for clamp replacement, the split dike technique, use of orthodontic elastic and gingival barrier, in addition to resource medications. The knowledge and proper use of each of these techniques adapted for the isolation of the operative field in pediatric dentistry; in addition to facilitating the professional's routine and allowing a longer treatment, can improve the behavior and collaboration of infant patients.