Bacteremia transitória em procedimentos cotidianos como fator de risco para endocardite bacteriana: Revisão de literatura

Abstract

Endocarditis is an inflammation of the endocardium that can be caused by fungi, virus or bacteria. When bacteria enter the bloodstream (bacteremia), the individual who has a predisposition to this disease can develop it. Transient bacteremia can be caused after dental treatment such as tooth extractions, as well as routine activities such as brushing, chewing, hygiene habits and other conditions. For this reason, this research aims to conduct a literature review to evaluate daily activities as a risk factor for bacterial endocarditis and to analyze the American Heart Association (AHA) update on antibiotic prophylaxis to verify whether professionals are recommending the use of antibiotics properly. A literature search was conducted using 5 databases: PubMed, Google Scholar, Elsevier, Scielo (SciELO) and The Journal of the American Dental Association (JADA). The criteria for the selection of works were: articles and monographs that addressed the theme, published in the period from 2007 to 2020. The keywords used were “endocarditis”, “bacteremia”, “oral health”. In total, 14 articles were selected, 7 on antibiotic prophylaxis and 7 on transient bacteremia. It was concluded that oral hygiene is the basis of prevention for bacterial endocarditis and even if the guidelines on antibiotic prophylaxis are updated, many dentists remain out of date or do not follow what was proposed.