Manipulação nutricional da adolescência: Desenvolvimento de doenças metabólicas e patologias associadas ma vida adulta

Abstract

Obesity is characterized as a condition of excessive body fat accumulation resulting from a high fat diet, physical inactivity and genetic factors. Nutritional insults at sensitive stages of development, such as adolescence, are related to the genesis of the metabolic syndrome. Obese individuals have changes in the pro-inflammatory markers, a condition associated with the emergence of pathologies such as periodontitis. Therefore, the aim of this work was to analyze the effects of a high-fat diet in adolescence in relation to susceptibility to metabolic diseases and other pathologies at adulthood. For this, male Wistar rats were used, divided into two experimental groups: NFD, animals that received a control diet (Nuvital®, Curitiba, Brazil) throughout the experimental protocol and HFD, animals that received a high-fat diet (35% fat) from 30 to 60 days of life. From 60 to 90 days HFD animals received a control diet. An increase in body weight was observed in HFD animals, as well as an increase in the accumulation of retroperitoneal and perigonadal fat. Obese animals did not show changes in glycemic homeostasis and insulin sensitivity; however, dyslipidemia was observed. Obesity and malnutrition have been associated with the appearance of spontaneous periodontal disease, due to the inflammatory state and oxidative stress present in these conditions. However, it is necessary to study the effect of a high-fat diet at critical stages of development on the manifestation of periodontitis. We conclude that the high-fat diet in adolescence programs to increased body weight and metabolic disorders at adulthood.