Ultrassonografia do diâmetro da bainha do nervo óptico para triagem de pacientes com suspeita de hipertensão intracraniana

Abstract

Intracranial hypertesion is a severe clinical condition, a result of several pathological situations, which can lead to death or cause significative neurological damage. Methods that are considered the gold standard to detect increase in the intracranial pressure (ICP) are invasive and with risk on the procedure itself. In this context, neuroscience has developed non-invasive methods to diagnose the increase of ICP and a notable option for diagnosis has been the ultrasonography of the optical nerve sheath (ONSD). Notably, this method is conducted at bedside, it does not use radiation and it operates at low cost.Therefore, this article aims to evaluate the medical literature concerning this method, and its accuracy in detecting the intracranial hypertension present in several pathological situations. Literature review was carried out in the MEDLINE / PUBMED, LILACS and SCIELO databases with the keywords and their combinations in English and Portuguese: brain injury, intracranial pressure, ultrasonography, optic nerve sheath diameter, optic nerve. It was concluded that the increase on ONSD correlates with the increase in ICP due to different etiologies. However, further studies are needed to standardize a value for the cutoff point of ONSD that is connected to the clinical outcome as well as which populations of neurocritical patients could benefit from the greater accuracy of the method