Casa própria no sistema habitacional social brasileiro: direito à moradia ou direito à cidade

Abstract

The supply of Brazilian social housing gained strength from 1930, during the national-developmental period of the populist government of Getúlio Vargas. Since then, several organizations have dedicated themselves to the construction of popular housing units on a large scale, such as the Institutes of Retirement and Pensions (IAPs), Fundação da Casa Popular (FCP), National Housing Bank (BNH), until reaching the current Minha Casa Minha Vida Program (PMCMV). However, as the organizations / programs went into crisis, they were replaced by successors with very similar characteristics, mainly in relation to the provision of units, which prioritizes the acquisition of home ownership - with the exception of IAPs, which also provided for the lease of the properties. Most of the social housing complexes built up to that point are implanted in urban perimeters, without adequate infrastructure and equipment in their surroundings, serving the beneficiaries only in terms of housing, denying them the right to the city. The emergency need to propose housing models that guarantee everyone access to the city is what drives the research in this article, which aims to present and discuss Social Leasing as an alternative for housing provision opposite to the hegemonic model of home ownership. This program, which is provided for by the National Housing Plan (PNH) of the Ministry of Cities, is successful in the USA, in European countries and, since 2002, has been implemented in the city of São Paulo.