Revitalização de nascente voltada à melhoria da qualidade da água destinada ao abastecimento e consumo em região de microbacia do rio Pirapó, no município de Maringá-PR

Abstract

Water resources are essential to man in his daily necessities, since the source depends on several factors and characteristics such as conditions of geological formation, flow - intermittent or perennial. The source studied in this work is part of the Pirapó river basin, where the School Farm of the University Center of Maringá - Unicesumar - is located for the agricultural research, near the water catchment station of SANEPAR - Companhia de Saneamento do Paraná, in the municipality of Maringá/PR. The objective of this study was to apply measures and care in spring to improve the water quality and the hydrological cycle in microcatchments. For the development of the research, a questionnaire was applied previously to verify the behavior and the awareness in the rural environment regarding environmental and water protection and preservation. The measures and precautions adopted were the isolation of the area according to the New Brazilian Forest Code (Law nº 12.651/2012), particle size and micronutrient and macronutrient analysis of the soil, microbiological and physicochemical analyzes of water, flow rate at source and determination of native vegetation to be recomposed in partnership with IAP - Environmental Institute of Paraná. The results obtained with the isolation of the area, to avoid the entrance of animals and damages to the planted seedlings, were quite satisfactory. Five kg of soil were collected at a depth between 20 and 30 cm and soil analyzes were used to care for and manage the soil. Water samples were collected at the beginning of the isolation of the area (November/2016) - where it presented total and thermotolerant coliforms, and one year later (November/2017) – where there was absence of coliforms, proving the importance of the isolation of the source area. Physical and chemical analyzes were performed for pH, temperature, conductivity, turbidity, dissolved oxygen, total dissolved solids, percentage of salinity and oxidation and reduction potential between April/2017 and November/2017 compared to CONAMA 357 and 396, Portaria 518/2014 of the Ministry of Health and CETESB. The importance of this analysis is in the care of the quality of the water consumed in nature in the rural environment and the health risks, and the results were that the water at the source meets the standards of potability for all parameters. The seedlings planted were native trees with accompaniment and later care in their development. It can be concluded that the lack of concern about the quality of the water consumed and the lack of periodic microbiological and physico-chemical analyzes can bring risks to the population that consumes this water in nature, it was also possible to observe the lack of awareness of the rural population regarding the preservation and recovery of degraded spring areas. The search for and maintenance of the quality of the water resources of mines and springs can be achieved through actions and projects that preserve the environment, the surroundings of springs and the quality of the water resource.