Tratamento da síndrome respiratória aguda grave pelo SARS- CoV-2: revisão integrativa de literatura

Abstract

In December 2019, Wuhan, China, was the core city of the emergence of a new infectious disease, called Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), which in a few months spread across the world, causing a pandemic, with a high number of cases and has caused more than 6 million deaths since December of 2019 until September of 2022. COVID-19 is caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), much more transmissible and pathogenic than the old coronaviruses, since its infeccion can lead to the risk of hospitalizations in ICUs, need of ventilatory support, high number of deaths and sequels. Facing this scenario, a worldwide search for treatments that could change the prognosis of the severe disease began, in which several drugs were cited and some were approved for emergency use, even without adequate research and results to prove their effectiveness. The present study aimed to perform an integrative literature review about scientific evidence of the pharmacological treatment of the severe form of the disease. In addition, the benefits, side effects and indication of some of the most used medications until the present moment were described, which are Glucocorticoids, Chloroquine/Hydroxychloroquine, Remdesivir, Tocilizumab, Anakinra, JAK Inhibitors (Baricitinib) and Monoclonal Antibodies. However, based on the bibliographic selection of this review, none of the evaluated drugs obtained irrefutable results about their use on COVID-19’s treatment. Therefore, it is essential to balance the possible risks and benefits of using each one of them.