Vacina contra o vírus da imunodeficiência humana: a que passo estamos?

Abstract

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has been responsible for about 37 million deaths since its identification. Despite the importance, there is no capable cure treatment or an approved vaccine for its prevention. During this period, several trials of vaccines against HIV were conducted, however none of them proved to be effective enough. Therefore, the present study aimed to conduct a review of the literature regarding the research for the development of HIV vaccines. This is about a systematic review that used the Clinical Trials database using the keywords: ''Vaccine'' and ''Human Immunodeficiency Virus'' to select studies from the last 30 years that were conducted in phases 2 or 3. The full studies were read and analyzed the pairs qualitatively. Thus, it was found that there are 7 vaccines using ALVAC-HIV, 5 using Adenovirus, 2 with lipoproteins, and 4 peptides or viral proteins vaccines . All vaccines were in general tested and considered safe and capable of generating cellular and humoral immune response (IR). However, many of the IR were not significant and/or lasting, excepting for one study that reported an efficacy that lasted around 3 and a half years. Ongoing studies currently have positive expectations for the future and hope of new perspectives on vaccine development.