Fatores etiológicos e tratamentos atuais para o sorriso gengival: uma revisão de literatura

Abstract

Aesthetic has been acquiring a very important role in society, since patients increasingly ask for a treatment in order to improve the appearance in addition to function. Excessive gingival exposure while smiling or even with the lips at rest is referred to as gummy smile, often presenting an aesthetic concern for patients and a technical concern for dentists. This alteration is very common in the population and can have several origins, such as altered passive eruption, vertical excess of the maxilla, excessive mobility of the upper lip, short upper lip, dental extrusions, drug-induced gingival augmentation and multifactorial issues. As there are several etiologies, a correct, adequate and attentive diagnosis for each particular case is essential, since the appropriate treatment is defined based on the particular diagnosis of the patient and each etiology, to provide the patient with an aesthetic and functional technical response. Thus, the main objective of this work is to review the literature regarding the etiologies of altered passive eruption; lip hyperactivity; short upper lip; vertical excess of the maxilla; dental extrusions; drug induced gingival augmentation; multifactorial issues, showing how to diagnose each etiology and possible treatments for each one of them.