Profilaxia antimicrobiana cirúrgica e impactos das intervenções farmacêuticas: uma revisão

Abstract

The surgical site infections (SSI) are responsible for the increase of post-surgical morbimortality cases and the hospital costs elevation, therefore, the antimicrobial prophylaxis is a prevention method. The inadequate application of antimicrobials could cause complications to the patient. In this perspective, the pharmacist can promote the appropriate use. The objective of this literature review study was describing the ways in which the antimicrobials are used for surgical prophylaxis and which interventions can the pharmacist perform in to ensure the rational usage, through a search in studies indexed in the databases of Unicesumar Virtual Library, Google Academic and Pubmed. The results convey that the antimicrobial for prophylaxis will be chosen according to the type of surgery being performed and also to the microorganisms found in the patient’s tissues. However, the post-surgical extended use of antimicrobials is associated to adverse reactions, for instance the infection over Clostridium difficile and bacterial resistance. The main interventions conducted by the pharmacists in the hospital reported in the works are reviewing prescriptions, developing clinical protocols and providing continuing education to health professionals. Pharmacists have a positive impact on this practice, improving pharmacotherapy and reducing costs. Although, more scientifical studies are required to comprehend the role of the pharmacists in this field.