Prevalência e características de crianças e adolescentes asmáticos com excesso de peso e obesidade acompanhados em um ambulatório de pneumologia

Abstract

Objective: To verify the prevalence of overweight and obesity among asthmatic children and teenagers followed in a pneumopediatric outpatient clinic, seeking to identify associated factors. Methodology: Cross-sectional study with a sample of 40 asthmatic patients aged 4 to 14 years, carried out during Sep/Dec 2019. Data were collected regarding age, gender, family history, household smoking, gestational age at birth, weight, height and Body Mass Index (BMI), as well as the year of the first crisis and number of crisis. The Asthma Control Test (ACT) was applied to evaluate asthma control and puncture skin tests for some allergens. Results: Overweight/obesity were present in 50% of the interviewed patients. Obese people presented a greater number of crisis in the first year of the disease (> 10 crisis). Prematurity in asthmatics caused more obesity than eutrophy. Only 8 (20%) of asthmatics reported having a family history of smoking. According to the ACT, asthma was better controlled in the obese group. In the study, D. pteronyssinus was the most sensitizing in both the eutrophic and obese groups. Conclusion: Half of the children presented overweight/obesity, higher than the national obesity data in children. Overweight was a relevant complicating factor in the clinical presentation of asthma, contributing to a greater number of crisis.