Importância da incorporação do teste do ácido nucleico (NAT) para detecção do vírus HIV no banco de sangue

Abstract

Blood donations require transfusion security for both donor and receiver, requiring technological advances directed at diagnosis aimed at reducing the immunological window such as the nucleic acid test (NAT), it was implanted in the 90s with the aim of evaluating blood donors with undetectable antibody levels through conventional serological tests. The study aims to describe the importance of using the nucleic acid test (NAT) to detect the HIV virus (human immunodeficiency virus) in transfusion processes, where a literature review study was conducted, exploring scientific articles from the last 10 years, reading them in full, excluding articles that did not meet the research requirements. As a result, it was observed that the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a disease that shows a high level of growth in Brazil and in the world, where worldwide, according to the Brazilian Ministry of Health between 2007 and 4 2017 there were 230,547 new cases. However, tests such as the NAT nucleic acid test have been implanted in blood banks to decrease the risk of HIV transmission through blood transfusions. In the United States, studies show, that with the implementation of the NAT test, transmission was from 1 individual to 1,468,000 individuals and dropped from 1 individual to 2,135,000 individuals, which shows the relevance of the blood bank test, because it is a highly sensitive test based on the detection of viral antigen.