Abordagem clínica de abscesso apical agudo: relato de caso clínico

Abstract

Acute apical abscess is a pathology characterized by an infectious and inflammatory process, in which pus is present, which occurs in teeth that have suffered pulp necrosis. It is usually localized intraorally, but in some cases the apical abscess can spread and result in serious complications such as the death of the patient. The aim of this study was to report a clinical case of acute apical abscess, providing information on treatment and possible complications. The data was obtained through activities carried out at the dental clinic of UniCesumar - Campus Curitiba. It should be noted that all the necessary terms were clarified and authorized by the patient, and it was also necessary to obtain her signature on the informed consent form for the treatment to be carried out at the University. Case Report: A 58-year-old female patient came to the Unicesumar Dental Clinic with the main complaint of “my front tooth has broken”. The intra-oral clinical examination revealed a fracture in element 21 with the presence of modified dental and tissue coloration suggestive of caries. The patient had no alterations to the oral mucosa, no fistula or edema. Radiographic examination revealed a circumscribed radiolucent image at the root apex with discontinuity of the lamina dura in elements 11, 21 and 22. The pulp vitality tests were thermal, percussion and palpation, with a negative response to the thermal test and painful symptoms on palpation and percussion. In view of the clinical data presented, the diagnostic hypothesis was pulp necrosis, requiring necropulpectomy. Endodontic therapy was the proposed treatment and was carried out in six clinical sessions, using mechanized instrumentation, associated with irrigating substances, intracanal medication and obturation. The treatment of acute apical abscess requires a comprehensive and individualized approach, adapted to the severity of the infection and the patient's clinical condition. This case report highlights the importance of rapid and appropriate intervention to ensure a good prognosis and protect the patient's oral health.