Membranas osteopromotoras utilizadas na regeneração óssea guiada: uma revisão de literatura

Abstract

Guided Bone Regeneration (GBR) is a fundamental technique in dentistry for treating bone defects resulting from resorption, particularly in periodontal and peri-implant areas, restoring lost bone structure. Based on the use of membranes as physical barriers, GBR prevents the invasion of unwanted cells, promoting the proliferation of osteopromotive cells essential for bone formation. Over the years, the technique has evolved, becoming widely used for the rehabilitation of areas with significant bone loss caused by diseases, trauma, or tumor resections, providing vertical and horizontal bone gains essential for aesthetics and functionality. The membranes used in GBR are classified into resorbable and non-resorbable types. Through a literature review, this work aimed to revisit the main types of membranes currently used in GBR, including collagen, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), and polylactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) membranes, as each has specific characteristics that influence its effectiveness, such as biocompatibility, resorption time, and mechanical support.