Odontologia integrada em casos de hanseníase: impacto na saúde pública

Abstract

Mycobacterium leprae is a slow-growing bacterium that is difficult to cultivate in vitro, with an incubation period ranging from 2 to 10 years. This presents a significant challenge for laboratory studies and efforts to combat leprosy. In Brazil, 22,466 new cases of the disease were reported in 2023. Commonly known as leprosy, the disease has been officially renamed Hansen's disease by law due to the social stigmas and exclusion associated with it, which hinder individuals from seeking treatment. This study aims to analyze data and information regarding Hansen's disease in Brazil and worldwide, with the objective of equipping dentists, particularly those in primary health care, to identify, diagnose, and combat the disease effectively. A bibliographic survey was conducted utilizing the databases Google Scholar and PubMed to gather relevant scientific articles. The research was carried out using the following keywords: Hansen's disease, public health, Mycobacterium leprae, Lesions. Given that dentists in primary health care settings are in direct contact with patients who may exhibit symptoms of Hansen's disease, it is crucial for these professionals to possess adequate knowledge about the condition. The upper respiratory tract serves as the primary entry point for infection, leading to lesions such as ulcers or asymptomatic nodules, perforations, scars, papules, and superficial erosions in the nasal and oral mucosa, as well as loss of sensitivity in peripheral nerves. This understanding will enable dentists, particularly those in primary health care, to effectively engage in early identification and referral for treatment, thereby contributing to the eradication of Hansen's disease.