Traumas faciais em mulheres vítimas de violência praticada por parceiros íntimos

Abstract

Domestic violence against women in Brazil has become a public health issue. Such violence against family members can be found in all categories of economic class and education. Such involvement, when carried out by an individual with personal and emotional ties with the victim, can also be called violence perpetrated by an intimate partner (IPVP), which is classified as physical, psychological, sexual and patrimonial. Among the places affected by IPVP, facial or oral maxillofacial trauma stands out, which can affect the eyes, dentition, nose, jaws, facial bones, sinuses and even the central nervous system. Trauma that affects the facial region can lead to temporary or permanent sequelae. The proper documentation and registration of physical violence on the face of women, practiced by intimate partners, in the examination of the offending body, contributes to the epidemiological dimension of the problem. Such registration can serve as an aid to the development of programs and specific actions to the problem. The aim of the present study was to investigate facial traumas caused by women victims of violence perpetrated by intimate partners. For this purpose, 300 body exams carried out at the Legal Medical Institute (IML) in Cuiabá - MT by women victims of IPVP in the period from January 1, 2010 to December 31, 2019 were evaluated. Sociodemographic data were collected, such as the victim's age group, city where he lived, city where the aggression occurred, victim's education level, victim's color / race, victim's marital status, victim's occupational status, year and month of occurrence, sex of the aggressor, education level of the aggressor, bond of the victim with the aggressor and medical data about the trauma such as the type of aggression suffered, the anatomical region affected, the type of injury caused and any sequelae left. The collected data were tabulated in a frequency table where they were described both qualitatively and quantitatively and statistically evaluated by the Chi-Square test with a 95% confidence interval, using the statistical software SPSS 20.0. It was possible to perceive a higher incidence of cases among victims with low education, with about 85% of the victims having no more than complete elementary school. Most of the victims of aggression were not married, being 179 single, 84 in a stable relationship and 37 married. The most prevalent type of aggression suffered was through direct physical force (punches, kicks, bites, pulls), equivalent to 59.67% of the cases, followed by indirect physical force (stoned, stoned, beaten) 22.33%. This study concluded the specific points that need to be improved and focused by the public authorities in the fight against this crime. The public of young adults should receive special attention in policies to combat violence, since it seems to be the most prevalent public in the object of this study.