Desenvolvimento de um instrumento digital de para avaliação do conhecimento, atitudes e práticas de saúde (CAP-SAÚDE) para universitários da educação a distância

Abstract

Higher education is of crucial importance in shaping society and the universities are an ideal settings for promoting the health and well-being of a community. In this context, the Health Promoting Universities (HPU) are considered an important tool for health promotion, given that they articulate institutional policies in favor of actions and a health environment for people who invest a large part of their time in life in education. Nowadays, the remote teaching is expanding, so this study aimed to evaluete the knowledge, the attitudes and the helath practices of Distance Education (DE) academics from a Higher Education Institute (HEI) that holds the seal of Health Promoting University in Brazil. This is a methodological, cross-sectional, quantitative, field and exploratory study, carried out with an estimated population of 318.968 EaD students, in 26 Brazilian states and in the Federal District. The results of this thesis are presented in three manuscripts: the first refers to the article “e-Questionnaire on health knowldge, atitudes and practices (KAP-Health) for Brazilian students in distance learning”, and which aimed at developing and validating the content of the CAP-SAÚDE instrument. The average Convent Validity Coefficients (CVCs) obtained were equal to or greater than 0.96, 0.95 and 0.93 for the Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices domains, respectively. All CVCs were above the 80% cutoff point (CVC = 0.80). The judges considered the content of the CAP-SAÚDE questionnaire adequate appropriate to identify questions related to the health of distance education students. The second article of this thesis, entitled “Como o acadêmico da Educação a distância define sua saúde and aimed to identify self-perpection of health and relate self report of chronic diseases in Brazilian regions. By spontaneous adherence, 8.531 students participated in the study through the HEI online platform. It was identified that although academics tend to have a positive self-perception of health, self-reported chronic diseases have an impact on the health perception of academics residing in the Southeast and South regions, who had better self-perception of health, although they self-reported a higher incidence of chronic diseases. Among the analyzed factors, greater acess to health services, higher income and older age positively influenced self-perception of health. The third manuscript, with the title “Conhecimento, atitudes e práticas em saúde de universitários brasileiros do ensino a distância”, refers to the application of the CAP-SAÚDE instrument to distance education students. On the scale from 0 to 10, the 8.531 students obtained the lowest average score for the Knowledge domain (5,11), median for the Practices domain (5,50) and highest for the Attitudes domain (6,91); 44.87% of the distance education students stated that they would used the mental health support service if offered by the HEI. The set of these results allows to conclude that the CAP-SAÚDE instrument, whose content was properly validated by expert judges, can contribute to the planning of institutional health promotion strategies for HEIs that work in the distance modality, considering the extensive Brazilian territory and the determinants of health conditions in which distance education university students are inserted.