Viabilidade do uso de intervenção de baixo custo em usuários de álcool e autogestão da saúde mental

Abstract

The harmful use of alcohol is considered a serious public health problem that has negative consequences for the individual, the family and society. The aim of this research is to develop a low-cost intervention and evaluate its feasibility of application in alcohol users. The present work was carried out with university students of both sexes, aged over 18 years who consume alcoholic beverages. The methodological procedures were carried out in 3 stages. The first step consisted of evaluating mental health characteristics such as depression, anxiety, alcohol consumption, quality of life and health literacy of alcohol users. The method of screening used in this research were Instruments Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test (AUDIT), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) and Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), and available in an online form on social media platforms such as Facebook and WhatsApp. In the second stage, characteristics and preliminary structure were analyzed for the development of a text message intervention program to reduce harm caused by alcohol, through a semi-structured interview. Finally, in the third stage, an intervention was developed based on the use of text messages with people who are alcohol users, then the content validity of this procedure was verified. Most users were female (72.62%, n= 122), with a predominance of 21 to 25 years old (67.07%; n= 122) and living with their parents or relatives (73.49% ; n= 122). Regarding Depression (PHQ 9), 33.93% of the study participants (n=57) reported having mild depression, 22.62% (n=38) reported moderate depression and 13.69% (n=23) moderately severe depression. On the other hand, about anxiety (BAI), it was found that 67.86% (n=114) of respondents do not have anxiety, 13.69 (n=23) mild anxiety, 11.90 (n=20) moderate anxiety and 6.55 (n=11) severe anxiety. The intervention was developed from 4 domains with 24 items, obtaining the following axes: 1) information from the World Health Organization; 2) harm and consequences of alcohol; 3) family issues and 4) psychological and health issues. After application, a CVC greater than 0.8 was obtained in the validation. Thus, it is considered that the content evaluated by the participants and experts can be considered adequate for the proposed objective of the intervention (values ≥ 0.98%). This study developed and validated a quick and low-cost instrument for the target audience, being considered valid from the point of view of content. New research can be carried out in order to generalize its use in other public health networks and devices as harm reduction strategies for abusive alcohol use.