Bioética Complexa e o uso de sistemas de Inteligência Artificial (IA) no campo da saúde: um estudo de métodos mistos

Abstract

Objective: to analyze the perception of online social network users regarding the use of AI systems in the health field and the bioethical aspects associated with this use. Method: Mixed-methods study, of the descriptive-exploratory type. The methodological path was divided into two stages: (1) survey of information regarding the main bioethical aspects involved in the use of AI and (2) elaboration of decision-making scenarios based on the survey conducted in step 1. Quantitative data were analyzed by means of descriptive statistics, with the aid of SPSS 21® software, in order to characterize the sample from the sociodemographic point of view, as well as to characterize the decision-making profile of the sample with regard to bioethical issues associated with the use of AI systems. The qualitative data analysis was performed using Bardin's thematic content analysis. Results: in relation to the sociodemographic profile, it was possible to observe a sample of adults, female, with complete college education. With regard to the ethical concerns associated with the scenarios applied, the main concerns were firstly the privacy and confidentiality of data, followed by concerns related to the responsibility associated with the use of these technologies, as well as informed consente. Conclusion: Thus, we highlight the importance of new exploratory empirical studies like this one, assessing the perception, attitudes and opinions of specialized audiences, such as professionals in the areas of health, law, humanities, in order to obtain concrete evidence for the development of management and governance programs of AI systems, especially in the Brazilian scenario of scarce resources.