Utilização de agregados plaquetários na disfunção temporomandibular: uma revisão de literatura

Abstract

Temporomandibular disorder (TMD) is a complex condition that affects the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) and the masticatory muscles, causing pain and functional limitations. With varied causes such as trauma, stress, and bite issues, TMD negatively impacts patients' quality of life. Conventional treatments include physiotherapy, oral devices, and medications, but the search for less invasive alternatives has led to the exploration of biological therapies. The use of injectables, such as botulinum toxin, corticosteroids, and local anesthetics, has been common for providing rapid symptom relief in TMD, although they can have temporary and adverse effects. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) has emerged as a promising alternative. It consists of a concentrate of platelets obtained from the patient's own blood, containing growth factors that promote tissue regeneration and cellular repair. The aim of this work was to conduct a narrative review on the effectiveness of PRP use in TMD through bibliographic research of full articles in the Cochrane Library, PubMed, Lilacs, and SciElo databases. The descriptors "Blood Plasma," "Platelet-Rich Plasma," "Temporomandibular Joint," and "Temporomandibular Joint Dysfunction Syndrome" were used with the Boolean operators "AND" and "OR," covering the period from 2013 to 2024. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied, resulting in the selection of 8 articles. From the data, it is possible to conclude that, although the use of platelet aggregates in TMD is relatively recent, it shows satisfactory results whether associated with other techniques or not. However, there is a need for further research to ensure long-term results.