Microbioma gastrointestinal e respiratório e sua correspondência na imunomodulação: uma revisão

Abstract

Pulmonary microbiota has microorganisms that contribute to the modulation of the immune system, and studies show that there is a possible association with the intestinal microbiota in the control or induction of lung diseases. The present study aimed to understand whether the pulmonary microbiota has a reciprocal immunomodulatory relationship with the gastrointestinal microbiota and to establish the relationship between pulmonary microbiota with recurrent lung diseases. This is an Integrative Review, guided by the stages of the PRISMA flow chart, search for scientific articles carried out in the databases Scielo, LILACS, American Society of Microbiology, PubMed, Portal Capes, National Library of Theses and Dissertations, Capes Portal, World Digital Library published in the years of 2014-2020, in Spanish, English and Portuguese languages. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were used, and categorization into levels of evidence. The review consisted of 7 articles, five of which were prospective cohort, a prospective case-control and a cross-sectional prospective. The included studies do not report immunomodulatory reciprocity between intestinal microbiota and pulmonary microbiota, however they demonstrate an immunomodulatory relationship between intestinal microflora and the onset of lung diseases, when there is a condition of dysbiosis among microorganisms in the intestinal microbial community. Thus, there is a need for further research on the reciprocity of the pulmonary microbiota with the intestinal microbiota in humans and its relationship with diseases that occur in the lower respiratory tract.