Subluxação e hipermobilidade sistêmica na articulação temporomandibular: relato de caso

Abstract

The temporomandibular joint (TMJ) can be affected by several diseases and disorders that affect other joints of the musculoskeletal system, such as disc displacement, degenerative joint diseases (osteoarthritis), inflammatory arthritis and synovitis. Among these disorders, subluxation is one of the most common, affecting approximately 70% of the population. Subluxation is the displacement of the condyle out of the anterosuperior articular fossa of the articular tubercle, but self-reducible, unlike a luxation, where the reduction of the condyle and disc articular structures usually needs to be performed manually. TMJ may also present an extreme variation from normal mobility, known as generalized joint hypermobility (GAH) or temporomandibular hypermobility, which is considered a benign and non-pathological manifestation. This condition is a structural defect in collagen, causing a change in the ligaments, consequently leading to their laxity. The present study aims to present a case report on a patient affected by subluxation and hypermobility linked to the temporomandibular joint. The patient presented excellent results regarding the treatment of myalgia and arthralgia with the use of the acrylic sleeping plate, together with multiple sessions of photobiostimulation and thermotherapy at home. From this review, it was possible to follow treatment options for hypermobility and subluxation of the temporomandibular joint and the evolution of the treatment performed during some months. Even though it does not contemplate a wide variety of disorders and/or dysfunctions, this article contributes to studies in this area, and aims to inform readers, as well as to stimulate new research practices.